In March 1861 five men faced trial at the Liverpool Spring Assizes, charged with breaking and entering a farmhouse in the early hours of the morning of 10 February 1861 and stealing £44/16/-, 12 silver teaspoons, and foodstuffs which included ham, pies, cheese and bacon. The farmer was 76-year-old John Bourne, of Little Stone, Dilworth, near Blackburn in Lancashire. Living with him was his daughter Margaret. The farmer gave evidence that the men carried guns and wore black masks, which they later discarded. Richard Corbridge, who armed himself with Mr Bourne’s gun, was accused of indecently assaulting the woman in her bed. Bourne had known of Corbridge for about four years, working in various delphs [quarries] around the area. He had recently been lodging at Accrington. Bourne had seen him walking close to the farmhouse with a greyhound-type dog. Evidence was given that all five men had been seen going past the house at 7am that day, carrying bundles.[1]
The five men were Richard Corbridge (39), John Barnes (40), William Mawdesley (39), John Jackson (39) and Roger Haydock (aged 29).
The gang of thieves was said to have been led by its youngest member, Roger Haydock. Various items found at his house included three pistols, a jemmy and some of the stolen property. His wife was taken in for questioning about a £10 note in her possession.[2] During the trial in Liverpool Haydock claimed to have committed the robbery alone, but evidence was given to the contrary.
Barnes, who faced a second charge, that of stealing two hens from another farm, was referred to as ‘deformed’.[3]
Haydock received a sentence of 14 years’ transportation, Corbridge 15 years, and the other three 12 years each. It must have been decided that because of his disability, John Barnes should be kept in a British Prison, despite receiving a 12-year transportation sentence. The other four were transported to Western Australia in 1862 onboard the convict ship ‘York’.
Richard Corbridge (c1820 – 1876) (Reg. No. 6538)
Richard Corbridge was born in a rural area of Lancashire, the son of William Corbridge, husbandman, and his wife Ellen (née Bolton). He was baptised at Thornley on 30 April 1820.[4] At the time of the 1841 census, Richard was living at Carr Side with his father William (farmer), and his mother Ellen, along with his siblings Lawrence, Jane, William and Ellen, plus a servant William Hyles. All were born in Lancashire.
In October 1842 Richard Corbridge, aged around 22, married Rose Clark at Clitheroe, Lancashire. By the time of the 1851 census Richard, aged 30, an agricultural labourer, born at Thornley, was living at Folly (Farm?) in Chipping, Lancashire, with his wife Rose (aged 27, born at Little Bowland, Lancashire), and their three children, William (7), Mary (4), and Ellen (1). Also living with them was Rose’s mother Mary Clark, servant, (formerly a farmer’s wife, aged 62, born at Little Bowland), and two lodgers.
In September 1858 Corbridge served time in prison for a conviction of poaching at Chaighley, Aighton and Bailey, on the preserve of William Winstanley, Esquire. Corbridge and another man named Joseph Highton, both stone cutters, had put out 200 yards of netting to trap game. Both men carried large sticks, and when approached, Corbridge struck out at one of the keepers, but missed him. After a struggle, both men were finally captured. Corbridge had a dog of the ‘lurcher breed’ with him.[5] It was believed that there had been other poachers in the woods that night. The two men were sentenced to three months, and with a lack of sureties, a further six months in prison.[6]
Sadly, Richard’s wife Rose died in 1859. By that time she had born six children, with one daughter Ann dying at the age of two –
William, 1844 – 1903.
Mary, 1846 – 1935. (The 1861 census shows her employed at age 13 as a domestic servant at Oswaldtwistle.)
Ann, 1848 – 1850.
Ellen, 1849 – 1931. (In the 1861 Census – Employed at age 11 as a house servant at Pool House Farm, Cottam, Ingol & Lea Ashton Parish.)
Agnes, 1852 – 1862.
Maria Theresa, 1856 – 1936.
Richard Corbridge’s term in prison for poaching didn’t deter him from committing a more serious crime a few years later, that of breaking into the farmhouse near Dilworth and robbing the elderly farmer named John Bourne and his daughter Margaret. He was also found guilty of assaulting the woman, thus receiving a sentence of 15 years’ transportation.
His Record in English Prisons
Richard Corbridge was described as an iron moulder, a widower with five children, able to read. His religion was C of E. The given name of his next of kin was his brother Henry of Carr Side, Thornley.[7] [Note: Another of Richard’s daughters, Agnes, died in the first quarter of 1862, leaving four living children.]
21 May 1861 – Received at Wakefield Prison from Kirkdale Prison in Liverpool. First Class ranking, his conduct V. Good. Earned £2/7/6 gratuity for good conduct, with a deduction of 7d. for postage.
17 March 1862 – To Portland Prison until 2 October 1862.
2 October 1862 – Taken onboard the convict ship York, bound for WA.[8]
Corbridge’s Record in WA
He arrived in WA onboard the York on 31 December 1862 along with Mawdesley, Jackson and Haylock. His description – Labourer, aged 41, married, with four children, height 6’ 0½”,
with dark brown hair, light hazel eyes, a full face, fresh complexion, of stout build, with a broken forefinger on his right hand.[9] Another record described him as a labourer, moulder, married with five children.[10]
As an exceptionally tall man for those times, he would have been sought after as a labourer –
31/10/65 – General servant, 40/- per month, G. Rich, Dardanup.
31/12/65 – Ditto.
9/4/66 – Resident Magistrate Bunbury, Geo. Elliott [sic] – Charge drunk & disorderly – Fined 5/-.
18/4/66 – Labourer, 35/- per month, Wellington, Benj. Piggott, Mydalup [sic].
11/6/66 – Bunbury Depot.
12/6/66 – At Bunbury Hospital.
30/6/66 – Labourer, 35/- per month, Wellington, Benj. Piggott, Mydalup.
21/8/66 – Bunbury Depot.
22/9/66 – Bunbury Hospital – sick.
5/10/66 – Labourer, 35/- per month, Wellington, Benj. Piggott, Spring Hill.[11]
31/12/66 – Ditto.
30/6/67 – Ditto.
31/12/67 – Ditto, £1/17/6 per month.
30/6/68 – Ditto, £2 per month.
31/12/68 – Ditto.
30/6/69 – Ditto.
31/12/69 – Ditto.
26/3/70 – General Servant, £2 per month, J.(?) Jackson, Parkfield.
30/6/70 – Ditto, D. Eedle, Frogmore.
26/12/ 70 – Bunbury Depot.
31/12/70 – General Servant, £2 per month, R.W. Clifton, Australind.
7/1/71 – General Servant, £2 per month, R.W. Clifton, Australind.
23/1/71 – Bunbury Depot Hospital. Discharged 6/2/71.[12]
26/12/70 – RM Bunbury – Drunk on Christmas day – Seven days’ hard labour.
4/1/63 – Casual sick – contusion – treatment liniment.[13]
26/1/63 – H.R. (?) [14]
An Untimely Death
A convict record briefly states Richard Corbridge’s death in 1876 – ‘Killed at Bunbury 1876.’ He would have been around 56 years of age. The official WA death record gives his age as 60, with no further details.[15]
Two editions of the Inquirer newspaper recorded his death by accident when falling from his cart, one version in the name of ‘Robert Coleridge’, probably after an inquest,[16] and an earlier one in the name of ‘Richard Coleridge’, as follows–
1876 – A teamster named Richard Coleridge [sic, Corbridge], in the employ of Mr. Robert Clifton, of Australind — and a very old servant of that gentleman — on his way out of Bunbury on Tuesday last, had his horses startled by a native riding past. Coleridge, who was riding in the cart, jumped out, and in doing so fell under the wheel, which passed over his body. Picked up all but insensible, he was carried to Mr. W. P. Clifton’s, close to where the accident occurred, and died in about half an hour. The inquest on the following day had to be adjourned till Monday next, owing to the absence of some material witnesses.[17]
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John Barnes (c1821 – ?) (Not Transported to Western Australia)
John Barnes was one of the five men who faced trial at the Liverpool Spring Assizes on 21 March 1861, charged with breaking and entering a farmhouse, armed with guns and jemmies in the early hours of the morning of 10 February 1861. They stole £44/16/-, 12 silver teaspoons, and foodstuffs. The farmer was 76-year-old John Bourne, of Little Stone, Dilworth, near Blackburn. Living with him was his daughter Margaret. John Barnes claimed to have been at home in bed when the robbery occurred, but evidence was given by a postman of having seen all five men coming from the direction of the farm at around 7am the following day.[18]
John Barnes lived with his mother Ann Barnes in a one-room house at 24 Hannah Street, Blackburn. Also living there were his son John Thomas Barnes and his daughter Isabella. The four of them shared two beds. The occupants and another woman who stayed the night swore on oath that John Barnes had been at home all night.
In the 1861 census for Blackburn, Lancashire, John’s children Isabella Barnes (16), and John Thomas Barnes (14), both born at Blackburn, were living at 24 Hannah Street, Blackburn, with their grandmother ‘Nancy’ Barnes, aged 72, born at Newcastle, Staffordshire. Isabella was employed as a cotton weaver, and the other two as cotton factory workers. Ten years earlier, at the time of the 1851 census, the family was living at 32 Daisey [sic, Daisy] Street, as follows–
John Barnes (30), widower, iron moulder, born Winchester, Hampshire.
Nancy Barnes (7?), daughter, cotton winder, born Blackburn.
Isabella Barnes (6), scholar, born Blackburn.
John Thomas Barnes (4), born Blackburn,
Lucy Jane Barnes (6 months)
Ann Barnes (60?), mother, born Newcastle, Staffordshire, house servant.
Jessey Barnes (20), son of Ann, iron moulder, b. Blackburn.
John Barnes’ name can be found in various quarterly prison returns, which reported his conduct as ‘Very Good’ and his condition as ‘Rather Delicate and Deformed’.[19] A record as ‘Edward John Barnes’, previously of Millbank Prison, which give details of the same trial date in Liverpool for the burglary, shows that on 31 March 1868 he was transferred to the Invalid Council Prison at Woking, recently built to offer more humane treatment to physically unfit individuals who entered the prison system.[20] How long he remained there is not known.
……………………………………………………………….
William Mawdesley (or Maudsley) (c1821 – 1866) (Reg. No. 6665)
William Mawdesley was convicted with four others of breaking into a farmhouse and stealing money and goods. He was sentenced to 12 years’ transportation, departing England onboard the convict ship York on 7 October 1862, received from Chatham Prison in Kent and arriving at Fremantle on 31 December that year. William Mawdesley had only a short life in Western Australia. He died just 3½ years later, at the Fremantle Invalid Depot.[21]
On arrival William was described as an iron moulder, aged 42 years, married with no children, religion C of E, height 5’7”, with brown hair, dark grey eyes, a round face, sallow complexion, middling stout, with several small cuts on his chin.[22] His Fremantle Prison records show him regularly being treated for various health problems, but mostly for a bad cough. The medication issued to him over many months was Pils Ferri tablets.
His brief employment details were as follows–
19 April 1865 – Employed at Fremantle on piece work by Brown Bros.
22 April 1865 – Received his Ticket of Leave.
12 June 1865 – Servant, 15/- per month, employed by Reichberg at Fremantle.
3 January 1866 – Servant, 15/- per month, W. Chalkley at Fremantle.[23]
7 February 1866 – To Invalid Depot.[24]
21 May 1866 – Sent to Hospital.[25]
28 June 1866 – Died at Invalid Depot.[26]
William’s place of burial is unknown.
……………………………………………………………
John Jackson (c1821 – ?) (Reg. No. 6635)
John Jackson was one of five men convicted of breaking into a farmhouse near Dilworth in Lancashire in 1861. He was sentenced to transportation for 12 years.
He was received from Portsmouth Prison and taken onboard the York, bound for Western Australia. Described as a moulder, aged 41, height 5’4”, with brown hair, grey eyes, a round face, fresh complexion and middling stout, with no distinguishing marks. His religion was Church of England and he was able to read and write. His next-of-kin was listed as his wife Jane, of Farmer Street, Blackburn, Lancashire.[27] They had no children.
His Record in WA
John Jackson worked for a long list of employers, perhaps indicating unreliability, or possibly his age making him unsuited to hard work, with occasional episodes of ill-health.
2/4/65 – Received his Ticket of Leave.
3/4/65 – Labourer, 20/- per month, C. Potter, Fremantle.
20/4/65 – Resident Magistrate, Fremantle – Drunk & disorderly & neglecting his Master’s work – six months. Discharged 5/9/65.[28]
5/9/65 – Convict Establishment to Bunbury.
12/9/65 – Labourer, 20/- per month, T. Fawcett, Pinjarrah.[29]
13/2/66 – Murray District to Fremantle.
16/3/66 – Perth.
22/2/66 – Labourer, piece work, W. Leech, Fremantle.
5/3/66 – Labourer, 38/- per month, W. Bushford?, Fremantle.
16/4/66 – General Servant, 20/- per month, Thomas McWaller?, Perth.
20/6/66 – Gardener, 20/- per month, S. Cook, Perth.
30/6/66 – ……., 20/- per month, T. McMullins, Perth.
2/7/66 – Blacksmith, E.W. Moorehouse, Perth.
17/8/66 – Mt Eliza Depot.
17/8/66 – Ditto.
1/9/66 – Ditto.
12/9/66 – Toodyay Hospital.
2/10/66 – Toodyay to Perth.
5/10/66 – General Servant, 20/- per month, John McMillan, Perth.
12/11/66 – Perth to Fremantle.
19/11/66 – Labourer, 25/-, W. Bateman, Fremantle.
31/12/66 – Labourer, 30/- per month, W. Bateman, Fremantle.[30]
5/3/67 – Ditto, W. Parker, Fremantle.
12/4/67 – Fremantle to Perth – Mt Eliza Depot.
4/5/67 – Gardener, £13 per annum, L. Langoulant, Perth.
31/5/67 – RM Perth – Returning to Depot drunk – two months’ hard labour. Hospital fees 19/6d.
17/6/67 – From Mt Eliza Depot – To be fitted with a truss.[31]
15/8/67 – General Servant, 30/-, W. Marshall, Victoria Plains, Toodyay.
16/8/67 – Perth to Toodyay.
17/8/67 – Toodyay Depot.
20/8/67 – Hospital at Fremantle Prison.
Sept. ’67 – Labourer, 20/-, J. Garrido, Victoria Plains.
Dec.’67 – Ditto.[32]
20/1/68 – Labourer, 30/- per month, Wm. Boxall, Victoria Plains.
16/3/68 – Labourer, 4/- per diem, Thos. Money?, Victoria Plains.
30/6/68 – Ditto.
17/7/ 68 – Piece Work, Thos. Bourke, Toodyay.
17/8/68 – Ditto, Geo. Throssell, Northam.
24/9/68 – Piece Work 18/- per week, T. Wilding, Northam.
5/10/68 – Labourer, 25/- per month, A. Howell, near Northam.
6/10/68 – Toodyay Depot.
20/11/68 – York Depot.
24/11/68 – Labourer, 30/-, R.W. Chipper, York.
12/12/68 – Ditto, Chas Money?, York.
31/12/68 – Ditto.[33]
17/1/69 – Piece Work, Jas. Knight, York.
16/1/69 – S.E. Burgess, JP – Drunk & incapable – one month in Depot. Due to convictions and debt for hospital fees, will not be considered for Conditional Pardon before 21/10/70.
19/1/69 – RM York – Idleness on Public Works. – three days’ bread & water.
29/3/69 – General Servant, 20/- per month, for S. Burgess at Tipperary, York.
27/7/69 – Herdsman, 25/- per month, John Mackie, York.
13/11/69 – Labourer, 40/- per month, G. Lilley, York.
5/12/69 – Labourer, 25/-, S.E. Burgess, Tipperary, York.
11/12/69 – York Depot.
31/12/69 – Labourer, 25/-, S.E. Burgess, Tipperary, York.[34]
29/4/70 – Labourer, 20/-, Chipper, York.
3/5/70 – Labourer, 25/-, Thos. Reynolds, York.
24/6/70 – Labourer, 25/-, ditto.
5/9/70 – Labourer, 30/-, Jas. Whitely, York.
13/12/70 – Conditional Pardon received at York.[35]
28/2/74 – Certificate of Freedom.
7/12/76 – Aged 54 – Absconding from service of J.G. Murray at Pinjarrah – sentence two months.
4/2/77 – Discharged from prison. [36]
27/4/78 – Moulder, aged 57, drunk & disorderly – one month. Discharged 27/5/78.[37]
18/9/83 – Received at Fremantle Prison from Perth.[38]
25/9/83 – Discharged from Fremantle Prison.[39] [His age was around 62 by this stage.]
No evidence had been found of another marriage for John Jackson in Western Australia. The date of his death is not known.
………………………………………………………………
Roger Haydock (1831 – 1901) (Reg. No. 6614)
Roger Haydock was another of the group of five men convicted over the robbery at Little Stone Farm, Dilworth, near Blackburn, Lancashire, in 1861. Although he was the youngest participant, he was considered by police to be the leader of the gang. During the trial, after evidence was given that guns, a jemmy, money and remnants of stolen foodstuffs were found at his house, he took the blame for the enterprise, claiming that he alone had committed the robbery. This however was disputed by a number of witnesses, and all five were sentenced to lengthy terms of transportation. Only John Barnes was permitted to serve his time in British institutions, probably due to a physical handicap.
Roger Haydock was sentenced to 14 years’ transportation. He was sent to Western Australia along with Richard Corbridge, John Jackson and William Mawdesley onboard the convict ship York, arriving at Fremantle on 31 December 1862. He was described as an iron moulder, 5’ 6 ½” tall, with brown hair, grey eyes, a fresh complexion and of a middling stout build, with a cut over his left eyebrow.
Background
Roger was the son of John Haydock and Mary Brown, born at Balderstone near Blackburn in Lancashire in 1831. In the 1841 census Roger Haydock can be found living in Top of Commons Lane in Balderstone, Blackburn, along with his mother Mary Haydock, aged 50, her sons John (aged 20), a cotton weaver, George (13), and Roger (10), and daughter Nancy (15). [In the Blackburn area there were large cotton mills, driven by steam engines and employing the majority of the working population, in poor working conditions and low rates of pay.]
At the time of the 1851 census, Roger, an iron moulder aged 20, was living at Saccary in Mellor, with his widowed mother Mary, aged 62, employed as a cotton weaver, his sister Ellen, aged 22 and his brother Henry, aged 15, both employed as weavers.
On 22 September 1851 Roger married Agnes Walsh at Blackburn. The names of their four children were Mary (b.1853), Agnes (b.1857), John (b.1860) and William (b.1861).
By the time of the 1861 census their father Roger was in gaol, leaving the family in dire straits. Their plight became more desperate when their mother Agnes passed away in 1870 at the Blackburn Poor House.
In the 1871 census the three youngest children were living with their widowed aunt Elizabeth Haydock, at Saccary, Mellor. She was a dressmaker, aged 48, living with her daughter Mary Elizabeth, aged 21, a cotton winder, her son John, a carter, aged 25, and her nieces Mary (17), and Agnes (14), both employed at the cotton mill, and her nephew Jonathon (or John?), a scholar, aged 12. Where their brother William was at this time is not known.
His Record in WA
Roger appears to have been a steady worker, always in employment in several districts of WA. He was determined to leave the Colony as soon as he received his Conditional Pardon, which was not due until 21 November 1870.[40]
14/4/63 – Forfeit Dinner.
1/1/64 – Constable (of road gang?)
26/1/64 – Constable.
28/4/64 – Constable – Disputed.
22/5/64 – Discharged.[41]
7/10/64 – Perth to Bannister.[42]
7/10/64 – To Albany Road.[43]
26/4/65 – Received at Fremantle Prison from Albany Road.[44]
22/5/65 – Discharged to Ticket of Leave.[45]
22/5/65 – From Convict Establishment to Vasse.
9/6/65 – General Servant, £2 per month, H. Yelverton, Quindalup.
30/6/65 – Ditto, £4/10/- per month.
5/12/65 – Vasse to Bunbury.
1/3/66 – At Bunbury Depot.
31/3/66 – To Fremantle.
6/4/66 – Sawyer, 40/- per month, John Brown, Fremantle.
28/4/66 – To Champion Bay.
8/5/66 – Labourer, 20/- per month, Victoria District, J. Wright, Champion Bay.
30/6/66 – Ditto, 50/-, W.W. Parker, Champion Bay.
14/7/66 – Ditto, 30/-, R. Fitzgerald, Champion Bay.
8/9/66 – Ditto, 40/- J. Warren, Chapman.
10/11/66 – Ditto, J. Tetlow, Champion Bay.
31/12/66 – Ditto.
21/3/67 – Labourer, W.C. Glass, Mines.
7/6/67 – Labourer, Piece Work, Jas. Pascoe, Irwin.
30/6/67 – General Servant, 25/- per month, J. Donagan.
28/8/67 – Ditto, 32/-, W. Edmonds, Greenough.
30/6/68 – Carter, ditto.
31/12/68 – Ditto.
13/3/69 – Champion Bay to Perth Prison.[46]
25/6/69 – Tiller(?), 40/-, S. Cook, Perth.
30….. – Moulder …….?
31/12/69 – General Servant, £3, S. Cook, Perth.
30/6/70 – Ditto.[47]
6/12/70 – Conditional Pardon received.
[Much later, in 1896, an advertisement under the heading ‘Long Lost Relatives’ appeared in various newspapers around Australia, including one in Western Australia, inserted by his son and daughter in England, appealing for news of the whereabouts of Roger Haydock, iron-moulder of Blackburn, last heard of from Auckland, New Zealand.[48] The following response was published in Adelaide –
LONG-LOST RELATIVES.
[From Lloyd’s Weekly Newspaper, July 28.]
ANSWERS TO ENQUIRIES. Writing from Blackburn, a daughter on April 13 asked for news of her father, ROGER HAYDOCK, who left Lancashire thirty-five years since. Mr. Harry Haydock, of Gawler, South Australia, has replied, offering all news to—we presume—his aunt.[49] This response was copied in a New Zealand paper.[50]]
No evidence has yet been found of Roger Haydock going to New Zealand. We do know, however, that as soon as he received his Conditional Pardon he left Western Australia on the 24 January 1871 onboard the Emily Smith[51], sailing via Adelaide to Sydney, arriving on 8 March 1871.[52] He was accompanied by his second wife, an Irish immigrant named Elizabeth Kelly, and her child William, born in 1868,[53] prior to their marriage in 1870.[54] The couple must have decided to go back and settle in South Australia, where their nine children were born.[55] The family names were frequently reported in local newspapers as popular participants in community activities.
In 1894 Roger, by then living in Adelaide, faced bankruptcy–
1894
INSOLVENCY COURT.
ADELAIDE : TUESDAY, MAY 1. [Before His Honor Mr. Commissioner Russell. S.M.]
In re Roger Haydock, of Ovingham, iron-moulder; final hearing. The Accountant reported — ‘Liabilities, £83 7s. 8d.; assets (secured), £23 5s.: deficiency, £60 2s. 8d. Insolvent states that about June 10, 1893, he was nearly free from debt, when owing to slackness of work he left the employ of James Martin & Co., at Gawler. Since then he has had no work. The causes of insolvency are thus stated — Want of work and pressure of creditors.’ Second-class certificate.[56]
Roger Haydock died in Adelaide in 1901.[57]
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[1] Lancaster Gazette, 30 March 1861.
[2] Bury Times, 16 February 1861.
[3] Liverpool Mail, 30 March 1861.
[4] Bishop’s Transcripts, Chipping, Lancashire.
[5] A lurcher, a breed preferred by poachers, is a cross between a greyhound and a colllie or a sighthound. (Wikipedia)
[6] Blackburn Standard, 15 September 1858.
[7] UK Archives, Records from Portland Prison, Dorset, Series PCOM2, Piece No 389.
[8] UK Archives, Records from Portland Prison, Dorset, Series PCOM2, Piece No 375.
[9] Convict Department Registers, Estimates and Convict Lists (128/1-32)
[10] Convict Department Registers, Probational Prisoners Register (R7)
[11] Note: Employed by Benjamin Piggott from 18/4/66 to 31/12/69. (Researcher P. Rodgers, Springhill)
[12] Convict Department Registers, General Register (R22)
[13] Convict Establishment, Fremantle Casual Sick Registers (CS8-CS10)
[14] Convict Department Registers, Probational Prisoners Register (R7)
[15] WA Department of Justice, Death Record 9061.
[16] Inquirer, 27 December 1876.
[17] Inquirer, 29 November 1876.
[18] Morning Post, 22 February 1861.
[19] UK National Archives, Quarterly Returns of Prisoners, Series 108, Piece No. 155.
[20] UK National Archives, Prison Registers, Series PCOM2, Piece No. 58.
[21] Convict Department General Registers (R21B)
[22] Ibid.
[23] Note: Expiree William Chalkey had also arrived on the York. He had a bakery in Fremantle. (Rica Erickson,
Bicentennial Dictionary of Western Australians, p.503).
[24] Convict Establishment Medical, Issue of Medicines (M11)
[25] Convict Department General Register (R22)
[26] Convict Department General Registers (R21B)
[27] Convict Department, General Registers (R22)
[28] Ibid.
[29] Ibid.
[30] Convict Department, General Register (R22)
[31] Convict Establishment, Receipts & Discharges (RD5-RD7)
[32] Convict Department, General Register (R22)
[33] Ibid.
[34] Ibid.
[35] Convict Department, General Register (R22)
[36] Fremantle Prison Correspondence Registers, Local Prisoners (F3-F4)
[37] Fremantle Prison, Register of Local Prisoners.
[38] Convict Establishment, Receipts & Discharges (RD9-RD10)
[39] Convict Establishment, Receipts & Discharges (RD9-RD10)
[40] Convict Department Registers, General Register (R22)
[41] Convict Department, Probationer Prisoners Register (R7)
[42] Convict Establishment, Receipts & Discharges (RD3-RD4)
[43] Convict Department, Probation Prisoners Register (R7)
[44] Convict Establishment, Receipts & Discharges (RD3-RD4)
[45] Ibid.
[46] Convict Department, General Register (R22)
[47] Ibid.
[48] Western Goldfields Courier, 6 June 1896.
[49]Evening Journal (Adelaide, SA), 29 August 1896.
[50] Oamaru Newspaper, 15 September 1896.
[51] Convict Department Registers, General Register (R22)
[52] Sydney Morning Herald, 17 March 1871.
[53] WA Department of Justice, Reg. No.11127.
[54] Ibid, Reg. No. 3179.
[55] See Midwest Convict Register, https://midwestwaheritage.com
[56] South Australian Register (Adelaide, SA: 1839 – 1900), 2 May 1894.
[57] Death Registrations, Genealogy South Australia, Book No. 275, Page 470.